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Axis 5 of 8

Fraud risk

How common are fakes, scams and misrepresentation?

1 Negligible
5 Endemic

Ranked by fraud risk

67 markets · most demanding first · reverse

# Market Exit Swing Leverage Carry Fraud No recourse Barrier Expertise Difficulty
1 Non-fungible tokensRights, claims & intangibles 5 5 1 2 5 5 1 4 63 Extreme
2 EtherCurrencies & digital assets 2 5 3 1 5 5 1 5 59 Tough
3 Whisky casksCollectibles & physical goods 4 3 1 3 5 5 2 4 59 Tough
4 BitcoinCurrencies & digital assets 2 5 3 1 5 5 1 4 56 Tough
5 Luxury watchesCollectibles & physical goods 3 4 1 2 5 5 2 4 56 Tough
6 Event ticketsRights, claims & intangibles 2 5 1 1 5 3 1 2 38 Moderate
7 Classic carsCollectibles & physical goods 4 4 1 5 4 5 3 5 72 Extreme
8 Fine artCollectibles & physical goods 5 4 1 4 4 5 2 5 69 Extreme
9 Carbon credits & allowancesRights, claims & intangibles 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 5 66 Extreme
10 Contracts for differenceDerivatives & contracts 2 5 5 5 4 3 1 3 63 Extreme
11 Private company sharesShares & funds 5 4 1 1 4 4 2 5 56 Tough
12 Fine wineCollectibles & physical goods 3 3 1 3 4 5 2 4 53 Tough
13 Trading cardsCollectibles & physical goods 3 5 1 2 4 5 1 4 53 Tough
14 Foreign exchangeCurrencies & digital assets 1 3 5 4 4 3 1 3 50 Demanding
15 Used carsCollectibles & physical goods 2 3 3 5 4 3 1 3 50 Demanding
16 SneakersCollectibles & physical goods 3 4 1 2 4 5 1 3 47 Demanding
17 Prediction marketsDerivatives & contracts 4 5 1 1 4 3 1 3 44 Demanding
18 Advertising inventoryServices, time & capacity 1 4 1 2 4 3 1 4 38 Moderate
19 StablecoinsCurrencies & digital assets 1 1 1 1 4 5 1 3 28 Moderate
20 Financial spread bettingDerivatives & contracts 2 5 5 5 3 3 1 3 59 Tough
21 LithiumCommodities 4 5 2 2 3 2 2 4 50 Demanding
22 UraniumCommodities 4 4 2 2 3 2 3 4 50 Demanding
23 Domain namesRights, claims & intangibles 3 3 1 4 3 4 1 3 44 Demanding
24 Peer-to-peer loansDebt & fixed income 4 2 1 2 3 4 1 3 38 Moderate
25 SilverCommodities 2 4 2 3 3 3 1 2 38 Moderate
26 GoldCommodities 1 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 31 Moderate
27 Freelance labour & timeServices, time & capacity 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 3 25 Moderate
28 Commercial propertyProperty & land 5 3 4 4 2 3 4 4 66 Extreme
29 Shipping freightServices, time & capacity 3 5 4 2 2 3 5 5 66 Extreme
30 CocoaCommodities 3 5 4 3 2 3 4 4 63 Extreme
31 Distressed debtDebt & fixed income 4 5 2 2 2 3 5 5 63 Extreme
32 Insurance & reinsurance riskServices, time & capacity 4 4 3 2 2 3 5 5 63 Extreme
33 Natural gasCommodities 2 5 5 5 2 3 2 4 63 Extreme
34 NickelCommodities 3 5 4 3 2 3 4 4 63 Extreme
35 Patents & intellectual propertyRights, claims & intangibles 5 4 1 4 2 3 4 5 63 Extreme
36 CoffeeCommodities 3 5 4 3 2 3 3 4 59 Tough
37 OptionsDerivatives & contracts 2 5 5 3 2 2 3 5 59 Tough
38 Residential propertyProperty & land 5 2 4 4 2 3 4 3 59 Tough
39 Timber & forestryProperty & land 5 2 2 3 2 4 4 4 56 Tough
40 Agricultural landProperty & land 5 2 3 2 2 3 4 4 53 Tough
41 AluminiumCommodities 2 3 4 3 2 3 4 4 53 Tough
42 Crude oilCommodities 1 4 5 4 2 3 2 4 53 Tough
43 Interest rate swapsDerivatives & contracts 1 3 4 2 2 3 5 5 53 Tough
44 WheatCommodities 2 4 4 3 2 3 3 4 53 Tough
45 CopperCommodities 2 4 4 3 2 3 3 3 50 Demanding
46 Futures contractsDerivatives & contracts 1 4 5 3 2 2 3 4 50 Demanding
47 Ground rents & freehold reversionsProperty & land 4 3 2 2 2 4 2 4 47 Demanding
48 Music royaltiesRights, claims & intangibles 4 2 1 2 2 4 3 4 44 Demanding
49 Cloud compute capacityServices, time & capacity 2 4 1 3 2 3 1 4 38 Moderate
50 High-yield bondsDebt & fixed income 3 4 1 1 2 2 3 4 38 Moderate
51 Retired LEGO setsCollectibles & physical goods 3 2 1 3 2 5 1 2 34 Moderate
52 Barter & mutual creditServices, time & capacity 4 2 1 1 2 5 1 1 28 Moderate
53 Personalised registrationsRights, claims & intangibles 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 22 Moderate
54 Ordinary sharesShares & funds 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 2 19 Gentle
55 Airport slotsRights, claims & intangibles 5 3 2 3 1 4 5 5 63 Extreme
56 Radio spectrumRights, claims & intangibles 5 2 3 3 1 3 5 5 59 Tough
57 Weather derivativesDerivatives & contracts 4 4 2 2 1 3 5 5 56 Tough
58 Fishing quotaRights, claims & intangibles 4 3 2 2 1 4 5 4 53 Tough
59 ElectricityServices, time & capacity 2 5 3 1 1 2 5 5 50 Demanding
60 Water abstraction rightsRights, claims & intangibles 5 2 1 2 1 4 5 4 50 Demanding
61 Grid flexibility & demand responseServices, time & capacity 4 4 1 1 1 2 4 4 41 Demanding
62 Corporate bondsDebt & fixed income 3 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 28 Moderate
63 Investment trustsShares & funds 2 4 2 2 1 1 1 3 25 Moderate
64 Index-linked giltsDebt & fixed income 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 22 Moderate
65 Real estate investment trustsProperty & land 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 3 22 Moderate
66 UK giltsDebt & fixed income 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 9 Gentle
67 Exchange-traded fundsShares & funds 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Gentle